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Development of Sustainable Cold Asphalt Mixture by Using Biomass Ashes

    Authors

    1 Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kerbala; Karbala.

    2 Civil Engineering Department. College of Engineering, University Karbala, Iraq. School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 2ET, UK,

,

Document Type : Research Article
10.63463/kjes1208

Abstract

Cold asphalt mixtures (CAM) have many economic and environmental benefits compared to traditional hot mix asphalt (HMA). However, because such a CAM has weak strength and high air voids, it receives little attention. The main objective of this research is to enhance traditional CAM by integrating two types of biomass ash: palm leaf ash (PLA) and reed ash (RA). The improvement in the mechanical properties of CMA was accomplished by replacing ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with PLA at proportions of 0%, 1.75%, 3.5%, 5.25%, and 7% by dry aggregate weight. RA was added later at concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% based on the dry aggregate weight. The mechanical characteristics and durability were evaluated by the Marshall stability, indirect tensile stress test, and water sensitivity test. The results indicated that 1.5% PLA, 5.5% OPC and 0.45% RA significantly enhanced the Marshall stability, where 15.9 kN were obtained after 3 days and 21.1 kN after 28 days, and this is due to the combined action of both PLA and RA, in addition to OPC activating the production of hydration products.

Keywords

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Kerbala Journal for Engineering Sciences (KJES)
Volume 6, Issue 1
March 2026
Pages 20-36
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